Job Design

Job design can be defined as the function of arranging tasks,duties & responsibilities into an organizational unit of work for the purpose of accomplishing a certain objective.

An organizational unit of work is a job.Job is composed of 3 main components.

1.  Tasks
      A task is a series of motions & is a distinct identifiable small work activity.

2. Duty
      A duty is a series of tasks & is a larger work segment.

3. Responsibility
     Is the obligation of performing the entrusted tasks & duties successfully.

Significant Of Job Designing

It affects overall individual job performance .It has a direct impact on efficiency, effectiveness, productivity, satisfaction, health & development of the employee.Inappropriate job design results in lower productivity higher employee turnover many grievance,many industrial conflicts & higher absenteeism.

Techniques Of Job Designing

1. Scientific Technique
    This technique derived from scientific management.Basic objective of this technique is to maximize the organizational productivity by maximizing employee efficiency. Acquiring a maximum output by reducing time effort & expenditure required to finished the task or duty as much as possible.

2. Job Enlargement
    Increasing the scope of a job by including new related duties in addition to the current duties involved.

3. Job Enrichment
    Increasing the depth of the job by expanding authority & responsibility for planing, doing & controlling the job.

4. Job Rotation
    Is shifting an employee from one particular job to another without limiting the employee to do a particular job only.

Elements Of Job Design

• Efficiency Elements

1. Devision of Labour
2. Standardisation
3. Specialization

• Behavioral Elements

1. Skill variety
2. Task identity
3. Task significance
4. Autonomy
5. feedback

Job Characteristics Model

1. Division of Labour
    Breaking job into their smallest component & employing seperate person to do each part seperately.

2. Standardisation
    The one best way to do a certain job task or duty with a more simplicity & at a lower cost.It is discovered through work study & work measurement & having accepted it every person follows.

3. Specialization
   An employee's concentration on one particular type of work so that the employee acquires an expertise in that type of work.

4. Skill Varity
    The extend to which the job requires use of different skills.

5. Task Identity
    The extend to which the job involves doing some complete piece of work.

6. Task Significants
    The extend to which the job has an impact on other people's work.

7. Autonomy
    The degree of Independence & freedom the job holder has.

8. Feedback
    The extend to which clear information of results in respect of individual efficiency & effectiveness is provided.